Boston Type I keratoprosthesis is currently widely used. In this article, the indication, number of cases, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), retention, and complications in all the international published case reports will be sum up; then the main post-operative complications and their respective treatments one by one, which include retrospective membrane, glaucoma, infection will be introduced.

" AIM:To identify and categorize ophthalmology-relevant apps for the iPad tablet computer as a source for ophthalmic practices on the Apple's App Store. METHODS: The Apple's App Store was searched for ophthalmology-relevant apps from January 2013 to August 2013. Eligible apps were identified and downloaded into the iPad tablet computers, and then categorized according to the apps' initial contents and our using experiences. Methods about how to use the iPad's built-in functions of instant video call(FaceTime®)and automatic data storage technology(iCloud®)were also described together with the apps. Other operating systems of Microsoft's Window Phone and Google's Android were also searched for ophthalmology-relevant apps. RESULTS: The keywords for searching on the Apple's App Store were “ophthalmology” and “eye”. And we could found 111 eligible apps with the former keyword, and 452 ones with the latter one. The integrated uses of the iPad tablet computer were then categorized into five aspects. Based on our clinical practice, we finally summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the iPad tablet computer for ophthalmic practices. However, ophthalmology-relevant apps were found to be very limited in number on the other two platforms. CONCLUSION: The integrated use of self built-in apps and third-party apps can facilitate our clinical work in examination, telemedicine, reference, disease education and literature searching. More studies are needed to verify its validation and reliability in the professional fields, especially eye examinations. "

AIM: To investigate the inhibition effect of bevacizumab on human Tenon capsule fibroblasts(HTFs)and discuss the countermeasures of bleb scarringscarring in glaucoma surgery countermeasures. METHODS: Adopted cell recovery method and followed the aseptic principles, we performed the culture of HTFs which came from the Central Laboratory of Shaanxi People's Hospital cell library. Wound Healing assay: We scraped a cell-free zone on the cell surface when the cells reached confluence at 80%. The control group was added to serum-free DMEM medium. The HTFs of bevacizumab group were stimulated with 1mg/mL concentrations without DEME for 0, 24, 48, and 72h. The scratch width was observed and measured.RESULTS:HTFs were long fusiform shape under microscope, the nucleus is in the center of the cell with larger nucleus, abundant cytoplasm, were arranged in a whorled growth out of shape, strong ability to proliferate, conform to general forms of fibroblast. The morphological and biological characteristics of cells after cryopreservation and resuscitation remain unchanged. Wound healing assay: 0h, equal to the initial width of the two groups, 24h when the migration distance of the two groups of cells are basically the same, 48h when the control group cell migration distance is greater than that in the bevacizumab processing group, 72h when the control group scratches basichealing, bevacizumab treated cells migrate closer than 48h no significant change, and a lot of cells died. CONCLUSION:Cell recovery method can successfully cultured HTFs, which was stability on morphology and biological properties, laying the cellular basis for experimental research.Fibroblast itself has a strong ability to migrate, outside-derived bevacizumab can inhibit HTFs migration evidently and it will cause excessive cell death when. Bevacizumab has certain extent inhibitory effect on HTFs migration, and it is likely to become one of the important drugs for creating bleb scarring after glaucoma surgery in the future.

AIM: To observe the effect of Qingguang'an on elastic fiber, MMP-7, TIMP-1 in scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery through the four Qingguang'an effective groups and Qingguang'an granules, to discuss and compare their mechanism of action on scarring area of filtration canal.METHODS:Four effective components of Qingguang'an were used in groups D, E, F, G and H after glaucoma surgery, compared with group A(blank), group B(model)and group C(MMC)to observe the effect of elastic fiber, MMP-7, TIMP-1 in scarring filtration canal.RESULTS:Compared with the preoperative basic IOP and 2d, 1, 2, 4wk postoperative IOP of groups C, E and H, the IOP of three group rose up slower than other groups, and kept the lowest data at 28d. There was significant difference compared with the rest of A, B, D, F, G groups(P<0.05). The area and density of elastic fiber in surgery group were significantly different with that of black control group(P<0.05), but there were no statistical differences between groups C and H, groups C and F, groups H and E(P>0.05). The difference was statistically significant among other groups(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery is the major reason which lead to the failure of surgery. Qingguang'an effective group 2, Qingguang'an granules and MMC could reduced the scar tissue by restrained the elastic fiber, TIMP-1 and increased the MMP-7. By observing the experimental results that both Qingguang'an effective group 2 and Qingguang'an granules could restrained the scarring area of filtration canal, the effects were unbiased, Qingguang'an granules group is better than effective group 2.

AIM: To investigate the effect of zebularine(Zeb)loaded Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)methyl ether(MePEG-PCL)nanoparticles(NPs)on the viability, attachment, and apoptosis of in vitro cultured lens epithelial cells(LECs). METHODS: In vitro cultured infant human lens tissue HLE B-3 immortalized cells were distributed randomly divided into six groups. Each group was administered with free Zeb 50μmol/L(ZebF1 group), 100μmol/L(ZebF2 group), Zeb -loaded MePEG-PCL NPs 50μmol/L(ZebNP1 group), Zeb -loaded MePEG-PCL NPs 100μmol/L(ZebNP2 group), MePEG-PCL empty NPs(NPs group)or blank medium(group C)respectively. A tetrazolium dye assay(MTT)test and modified MTT test were performed to determine cell viability and cell attachment. DNA ladder was used to detect the cell apoptosis. RESULTS: Determined by MTT colorimetric method: Cell proliferation rate of LECs were suppressed by all Zeb administration groups in a concentration-time dependent manner(P<0.05). Compared with the free Zeb groups, the viability of LECs were suppressed more effectively by the same dose of Zeb loaded MePEG-PCL NPs after 24, 48, 96h(P<0.05). Determined by improved MTT colorimetric method: The attachment of LECs were decreased in all Zeb administration groups, Zeb loaded MePEG-PCL NPs had better effect on suppressing the attachment of LECs than the free Zeb groups with same dose(P<0.05). The DNA ladder confirmed that after administration of 96h, group C, NPs group and ZebF1 group showed no DNA fragment, however the DNA fragment were performed in ZebF2, ZebNP1, ZebNP2 groups and displays the trend of ZebNP2> ZebNP1>ZebF2(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Zeb loaded MePEG-PCL NPs had better effect on suppressing the viability and attachment of in vitro cultured LECs than the free Zeb groups, as well as enhancing the apoptosis.

AIM: To observe the effects of Shuangdanmingmu capsule on VEGF expression and retinal vascular morphology in rats with diabetic retinopathy(DR). METHODS: DR rats were fed with Shuangdanmingmu capsule. By comparing with the normal group, the model control group, and positive control group, the effect of Shuangdanmingmu capsule on retinal tissue of DR rats was observed under electron microscopy. After HE staining, retinal structure was observed under the light microscope. Immunohitochemical staining was used to detect the VEGF expression in retina.RESULTS:Two months after treatment, the layers tissue of retina presented mild edema, capillary pericytes performed edema, mitochondria showed mild swelling and less clear structure, some endothelial cells showed slight proliferation in Shuangdanmingmu group. Compared with the normal group, the expression level of VEGF in retina increased in the other groups, especially in model control group. A significant differential in expression of VEGF was found between Shuangdanmingmu group, positive control group and model control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Shuangdanmingmu capsule can effectively improve the retinal microvascular, reduce edema and necrosis of each layer of retina, improve the ultrastructure of retina's tissue and inhibit VEGF expression in DR rats.

AIM: To investigate the inhibition effect of bevacizumab on human Tenon capsule fibroblasts(HTFs)and discuss the countermeasures of bleb scarringscarring in glaucoma surgery countermeasures. METHODS: Adopted cell recovery method and followed the aseptic principles, we performed the culture of HTFs which came from the Central Laboratory of Shaanxi People's Hospital cell library. Wound Healing assay: We scraped a cell-free zone on the cell surface when the cells reached confluence at 80%. The control group was added to serum-free DMEM medium. The HTFs of bevacizumab group were stimulated with 1mg/mL concentrations without DEME for 0, 24, 48, and 72h. The scratch width was observed and measured.RESULTS:HTFs were long fusiform shape under microscope, the nucleus is in the center of the cell with larger nucleus, abundant cytoplasm, were arranged in a whorled growth out of shape, strong ability to proliferate, conform to general forms of fibroblast. The morphological and biological characteristics of cells after cryopreservation and resuscitation remain unchanged. Wound healing assay: 0h, equal to the initial width of the two groups, 24h when the migration distance of the two groups of cells are basically the same, 48h when the control group cell migration distance is greater than that in the bevacizumab processing group, 72h when the control group scratches basichealing, bevacizumab treated cells migrate closer than 48h no significant change, and a lot of cells died. CONCLUSION:Cell recovery method can successfully cultured HTFs, which was stability on morphology and biological properties, laying the cellular basis for experimental research.Fibroblast itself has a strong ability to migrate, outside-derived bevacizumab can inhibit HTFs migration evidently and it will cause excessive cell death when. Bevacizumab has certain extent inhibitory effect on HTFs migration, and it is likely to become one of the important drugs for creating bleb scarring after glaucoma surgery in the future.

AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of glaucoma filtration surgery combined with the application of 5-fluorouracil for clinical treatment to offer the reference. METHODS:A total of 91 cases of patients with glaucoma treated in our hospital were randomly divided into three groups, 30 cases of group A were given mitomycin in surgery, 31 cases of group B were given 5-fluorouracil, 30 cases of group C were given cyclosporine. They were given 12 -month-follow-up after operation, the operation success rate were recorded, the incidence of 1 -year-adverse reactions, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, low intraocular pressure, shallow anterior chamber, corneal damage index were recorded. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure ofgroups A, B, C were respectively(20.5±8.6)mmHg,(15.2±5.5)mmHg,(20.0±8.1)mmHg,by the analysis of variance, group B was significantly lower than other two groups,P<0.05; patients of groups A, B, C whose visual acuity increased ratios after 1y were respectively 22.5%, 38.1%,and 23.1%, by the Chi. square test, the increased ratio of group B was higher than other two groups, P<0.05; The operation success rates after 1y of operation of groups A, B, C were respectively 67.5%,88.1%,71.8%,by the Chi square test, the increased ratio of group B was higher than other two groups, P<0.05; The general incidence of adverse reaction were respectively 22.5%,9.5%,20.5%,by the Chi square test, the increased ratio of group B was lower than other two groups, P<0.05. CONCLUSION:Glaucoma filtration surgery combined with the application of 5-fluorouracil can improve the operation success rate, decrease the occurrence rate of adverse reaction, and safety can be improved.

AIM: To study the application value of phacoemulsification in clinical treatment of angle-closure glaucoma. METHODS:A total of 60 cases(82 eyes), the best corrected visual acuity, anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure, width of chamber angle and adverse reaction of patients were researched and analysed before and after treatment. RESULTS:In this group, 60 cases(82 eyes)compared with that before treatment, the best corrected visual acuity in patients after treatment significantly improved, with significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05); anterior chamber depth of patients before treatment were 2.0±0.3mm, anterior chamber depth after treatment was 4.4±1.0mm, treatment of patients with anterior chamber depth comparison significantly improved after treatment, with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05); IOP in patients with postoperative effective control over an extended period, the difference before treatment was statistically significant(P<0.05); the width of chamber angle after treatment compared with before treatment significantly increased, with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05); after treatment by the emergence of 5 corneal edema, 3 mydriasis, an iris atrophy, no one cases of retinal detachment. CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsificationin the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma has a high value, can be effectively corrected visual acuity, improve patient anterior chamber angle width and depth, a small incidence of adverse reactions.

AIM: To discuss the feasibility of using the visual quality analyzer KR-1W to guide the relatively personalized aspheric intraocular lens(IOL)implants to make the whole eye spherical aberration close to 0.1μm.METHODS: In this prospective case series study, the corneal spherical aberration with 6mm aperture of 73 patients(100 eyes)was measured with KR-1W Visual Function Analyzer 1d before surgery. For the sake of the whole postoperative spherical aberration were close to 0.1μm, 9 cases(16 eyes)with corneal spherical aberration <0.15μm were implanted Sofport Advanced Optic IOL, named AO group; 45 cases(57 eyes)with corneal spherical aberration 0.25～0.3μm were implanted AcrySof IQ IOL, named IQ group; 19 cases(27 eyes)with corneal spherical aberration >0.35μm were implanted Tecnis ZA9003 IOL, named Tecnis group. Aspherical IOL was implanted after phacoemulsification through a cornea 2.75mm incision without suture.Uncorrected visual acuity, beat corrected visual acuity, spherical aberration of the whole eye and jnternal optics(mainly IOL)at 6mm pupil diameter were examined at 3mo postoperatively. The relevant data were analyzed using t-test and variance analysis.RESULTS: The whole ocular spherical aberration at 6mm pupil diameter in all postoperative were 0.084±0.032μm; in Tecnis group, the data were 0.091 ± 0.021μm; in AO group, the data were 0.0814-0.013μm; IQ group were 0.093±0.042μm. There was no significantly different between the predicted value and actual value of ocular spherical aberration at 6 mm pupil diameter in all postoperative(t=1.932, P=0.061)and in the three groups. The difference value in the predicted values of the preoperative spherical aberrations of the whole eye and the actual values after surgery was 0.013±0.041μm; there was no statistically significant difference(F=2.537, P=0.091). Respectively compared the uncorrected visual acuity and besta corrected visual acuity among three groups of postoperative, no significant difference were found(F=0.897, P=0.421; F=1.423, P=0.097).CONCLUSION: Personality selection of aspheric IOL based on preoperative corneal spherical aberration of patients is feasible and produces satisfactory target postoperative total spherical aberration.

AIM: To observe the application effect of hyperbaric oxygen in the patients with optic atrophy and influence degree for the hemodynamic parameters.METHODS: Fifty patients with optic atrophy in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were objected, they were randomly divided into control group(conventional optic atrophy treatment group)and observation group(conventional treatment and hyperbaric oxygen treatment group), each group was 25 cases. Statistical analysis of two group before and after treatment eyesight, vision acuity, visual field defect and ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery blood flow parameters were undergone.RESULTS: The sight, visual field sensitivity and field vision defect of observation group were all better than those of control group at first, second and third course after the treatment, arteriae ophthalmica and arteriae centralis retinae EDV and PSV were all higher than those of control group, PI and RI were all lower than those of control group were all significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The application effect of hyperbaric oxygen in the patients with optic atrophy is better, and the influence of treatment method for the ocular hemodynamic parameters are more active.

Pathological myopia are often complicated by a series of pathological changes in fundus including foveoschisis, which can lead to visual dysfunction when processing with retinal detachment, macular hole, epiretinal membrane and vitreoretinal traction diseases. According to the current knowledge, the main mechanism of foveoschisisi might be attributed to the impaired macular structure and function caused by a variety of traction on the retinal and retina poor condition. Surgical treatments have been reported to be effective in treating foveoschisis, however, the indications and surgical procedures are still controversial. In this article, we reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment strategies and prognosis of pathological myopia foveoschisis.

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of trypan blue and indocyanine green(ICG)for continuous curvilineal capsulorrhexis(CCC)in mature or hypermature phacoemulsification.METHODS:A total of 122 eyes of 122 cases with cataracts in mature and hypermature were randomly divided into three groups, trypan blue staining group was 46 eyes of 46 cases as group A, ICG staining group was 40 eyes of 40 cases as group B, control group was 36 eyes of 36 cases as group C. Staining groups were used to 0.2mL trypan blue or ICG injected into the anterior chamber during operation, respectively. The success rate of CCC, lens posterior capsule rupture and implanted intraocular lens pouch were observed and compared during operation. Anterior chamber inflammation was observed after operation, and compared with the control group to observe and analysis.RESULTS:The success rate of CCC, implanted intraocular lens pouch were statistically significant difference in trypan blue staining group(group A)than that in control group(group C)(P<0.05). Implanted intraocular lens pouch was statistically significant difference in ICG group(group B)than that in control group(group C)(P<0.05). The rate of lens posterior capsule rupture was no statistically significant difference in all three groups(P>0.05). Anterior chamber inflammation was no significant difference in the postoperative reaction among the three groups.CONCLUSION:The application of trypan blue or ICG for lens capsule staining before CCC in lack of red reflective mature and hypermature cataracts is safe and effective, both results are comparable. It guarantees a complete CCC and improves the success rate of phacoemulsification.

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone oil removal with a 23G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system linked disposable transfusion tube and self-made suction tip. METHODS: The suction tip was made with a 23G infusion tube be cut from the end of the 5mm. It was used to connect the disposable transfusion tube and 23G puncture cannula. The disposable transfusion tube which was cut from the end of the MaiFei's pipe was connected with the effusion box of the vitreous cutter. Intraocular silicone oil was proactive suction and removed through two incisions on pars plana ciliaris with the vitreous cutter suction system. RESULTS: Only 13 cases(9.8%)need suture puncture ports in 132 cases in the operation. Operation time was 7-28min. The average operation time was 15.1± 6.2min. In early postoperative, there were 107 cases(81.1%)appeared lower intraocular pressure(<11mmHg)and 2 cases appeared choroid detachment in 132 cases patients. Most of the patients recovered to normal but 2 case(1.5%)high myopia macular hole retinal detachment occurred recurrent retinal detachment 1wk after operation. Silicone oil was removed cleanly in the most patients, only 4 cases(3.0%)with a little silicone oil residue. CONCLUSION: The surgery that silicone oil is removed through two incisions with a 23G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system linked disposable transfusion tube and self-made suction tip has the advantages of safe, effective, fast, economic, and it is worthy of popularization and application in clinical.

AIM: To evaluate macular thickness and macular volume changes in people with diabetes mellitus but no significant decrease of visual acuity.METHODS: A total of 87 eyes were collected in diabetic group. According to the international stage of diabetic retinopathy, these cases were divided into two subgroups: DR0 stage 54 eyes and DR1 stage 33 eyes. All the cases were received optical coherence tomography(OCT)scan in macular area; the scanning model is 512×128; recording macular average thickness and macular volume, and compared with healthy subjects.RESULTS: Macular average thickness and macular volume were higher in DR1 group than those in DR0 stage and control group, and differences were having statistical significance. But DR0 group and control group differences of the two indexes were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: With the aggravation of diabetic retinopathy, the macular thickness tends to be thicken. Although without obvious visual loss, there have been slight morphological changes. Using OCT scan can find fundus changes earlier in patients with diabetes mellitus, and provide clinical basis for both early diagnosis and treatment.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection with Ranibizumab combined with sub-Tenon injection with Triamcinolone acetonide(TA)for macular edema(ME)due to central retinal venous occlusions(CRVO).METHODS:Forty-six patients(46 eyes)were diagnosed ischemic CRVO with significant macular edema by fundus fluorescence-angiography(FFA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT). All the patients had panretinal photocoagulation(PRP), a week after the four times therapies. Twenty-three patients(23 eyes)in group A were randomly chosen to receive intravitreal injection with ranibizumab(IVR), another 23 patients(23 eyes)in group B to treat with both IVR and sub-Tenon injection with TA(PSTT). There was no significant difference on macular edema and best corrected visual activity(BCVA)between the two groups. The changes in BCVA and central macular thickness(CMT)before and 1wk; 1, 3, 6mo after treatments were analyzed.RESULTS: One week after the treatment: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in groups A and B(P<0.05). BCVA and CMT changes between two groups were statistically significant differences(P<0.05). One month and three months after the treatment: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in group A and B(P<0.05), the difference was significant between two groups(P<0.05). Six month after the treatment: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in groups A and B. Compare BCVA difference between the groups was statistically significant change(P<0.05), CMT difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Not only IVR can decrease ME caused by CRVO and increase the BCVA, but also IVR combined with PSTT can. But combined therapies can be more rapidly and have more positive effect on decreasing the ME and protecting the visual function.

AIM: To evaluate the difference of contrast sensitivity(CS)in photopic and scotopic environments in eyes with myopia and myopic astigmatism operated with femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis(femto-LASIK)and laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).METHODS: In a prospective study 160 myopia and myopic astigmatism patients' eyes were involved, which accepted femto-LASIK or LASIK in our hospital from January 2010 to February 2012. The myopia degree was -1.50～-10.00D, the astigmatism degree ≤-6.0D. Eighty eyes were treated with femto-LASIK in group A, and 80 eyes were treated with LASIK in group B, All patients in the treatment group completed the final 6mo of follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity(BSCVA), objective and manifest refractions, results of slit-lamp examination, the side effects, intraocular pressure, corneal topography, CS in photopic and scotopic environments were noted.RESULTS: All of operations on 160 cases were successful without severe complication after 6 mo follow-up. CS of femto-LASIK group(group A)at each spatial frequency environment were higher than that of LASIK group(group B). In group A, after 1mo the photopic CS, after 3mo of scotopic CS recovered to the preoperative level, 6mo after surgery improved than before the operation. In group B, after 3mo photopic CS to the preoperative level, scotopic CS at 6mo after operation was still not recovered to the preoperative level.CONCLUSION:Femto-LASIK for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism, in improving the postoperative contrast sensitivity under shade environment has more advantages than LASIK.

AIM: To observe the effect of combining partial reduction orthokeratology(Ortho-K)and spectacles on slowing myopic progressionin high myopic adolescent.METHODS: Sixty-nine eyes of 36 high myopic adolescent(aged 9～15 years)with spherical equivalent refraction ≥-6.00 diopters(D)(spherical component ≥-5.50D)were fitted with custom-made four-zone/five-curve Ortho-K lenses. The target of reduction was to achieve -5.00D for both eyes. The residual refractive errors after at least one month of Ortho-K wear were corrected with single-vision spectacles for clear vision in the daytime. The unaided visual acuity(UVA), refractive error(RE), axial length(AL), and ocular health were assessed before the Ortho-K lens wear, and followed up for 2a after Ortho-K.RESULTS:(1)Changes in UVA: The mean UVA was 0.09±0.05 at baseline before Ortho-K; the mean UVA was 0.27±0.14, 0.54±0.18, 0.78±0.24, and 0.81±0.19, respectively after Ortho-K wear for l night, 1wk, 1, and 3mo. The differences of UVA were significant with baseline(P<0.05), and became stable 1mo after the treatment.(2)Changes in RE: The mean RE was -6.82±0.71D at baseline before Ortho-K and -6.86±0.77D after Ortho-K wear for 1a(P>0.05 compared to baseline). The mean RE was -7.11±0.81D after Ortho-K wear for 2a, and the amount of myopia increased -0.29±0.37D compared to baseline(P<0.05).(3)Changes in AL: The mean AL was 26.18±0.57mm at baseline before Ortho-K, and it was not significantly different(P>0.05)from the AL after Ortho-K wear for 6mo(26.19±0.54mm)and for 1a(26.21±0.47mm). The AL was 26.37±0.59mm after Ortho-K wear for 2a, and the mean increase was 0.19±0.28mm compared to baseline(P<0.05).(4)Grade 1 corneal staining was observed in some subjects at each visit. However, the staining was improved after lens cleaning, discontinuing lens wear, or applying artificial tears. No other adverse events were reported in all subjects during the 2a study. CONCLUSION:Combining partial reduction Ortho-K and spectacles completely slowed myopic progression in high myopic adolescent after receiving the treatment for 1a, and partially reduced myopia progression after 2a of treatment. No severe ocular complications were found throughout the treatment. The combination treatment appeared to be effective and safe, but its long-term effect needs to be further assessed.

AIM: To compare the in-the-bag IOL stability of different size of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC)in super high myopic eyes with cataract underwent phacoemulsification.METHODS: A total of fourteen cataract patients with bilateral super high myopia were included,Phaco+IOL implantation were performed on both eyes, one eye was randomly classified into 5mm diameter CCC observation group, the fellow eye was 6mm diameter CCC observation group. Cataract extraction combined with in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation(IOL)with the type of hydrophilic acrylic aspheric intraocular lens(MCX11)by well experienced surgeon. The operation was running smoothly, the next day after operation, all patients were confirmed by Image-pro plus6.0 image analysis software for the measurement of main meridian sac diameter with target capsulorhexis diameter no more than ±0.2mm. Slit lamp examination of IOL shape and position, changes of anterior capculorhexis edge, refraction, anterior chamber depth was measured and observed of all eyes after operation 1wk; 1, 3, 6mo.RESULTS: Compared with postoperation 1wk, the former sac diameter of two groups were slightly smaller at postoperation 1mo, with no statistically significant difference between two groups. 5mm diameter CCC observation group had slightly hyperopic shift in follow-up 1-3mo, 6mm diameter CCC observation group had hyperopic shift in follow-up 1mo, and getting stable after 1mo. Refraction change was related to anterior chamber depth changes. 5mm diameter CCC observation group had 3 minor loop folding in follw-up 3mo.CONCLUSION: Relatively smaller continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in super high myopic eyes underwent cataract surgery may cause a tendency of uneven construction or effective lens position change of in-the-bag IOL. Unusual refraction change or shift after operation 1mo could suggest instability of IOL, early noticing or interruption could prevent further complications.

AIM:To investigate the influence of IOL refractive index(RI)on measurement of straylight following cataract surgery. METHODS:In this case-control study, 77 eyes of 77 age-related cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification with posterior chamber aspherical arylic IOL implantation surgery in the Eye Hospital of China Medical University from Aug 2013 to Mar 2014, with a best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of 0.5 or better, were classified into 3 groups randomly using 3 types of IOL: Tecnis ZCB00 Group(RI=1.47, 22 eyes of 22 subjects); Hoya PY60AD Group(RI=1.52, 24 eyes of 24 subjects); Alcon SN60WF or IQ Group(RI=1.55, 31 eyes of 31 subjects). BCVA, pupil size, astigmatism, axial length, intraocular straylight were measured respectively.RESULTS:Age, axial length, BCVA, pupil size, astigmatism of the three groups were not significant difference(P>0.05). The straylight of Tecnis, Hoya, IQ group were 1.04±0.15, 1.19±0.14, 1.14±0.18. Straylight levels had significant differences among three groups(F=5.352, P=0.007<0.05). There was no significant correlation between BCVA and straylight value(r=-0.133, P=0.124>0.05).CONCLUSION:Patients chosen the higher RI IOL may have a higher straylight level after the surgery.

AIM:To explore the effect of Danshen injection iontophoresis combined with lumbrukinase on early patients with retinal vein occlusion(RVO), and observe the prognosis to provide objective basis for clinical METHODS: Eighty-two patients(117 eyes)with early RVO were randomly selected in our hospital from January, 2011 to April, 2014, 41 cases(59 eyes)of control group treated with Lumbrokinase. Forty-one cases(58 eyes)of the observation group, treated with Danshen injection iontophoresis combined with lumbrokinase. The main indexes were the treatment effect, visual acuity and retinal circulation time. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was 85.4%(35/41), more than that of control group 68.3%(28/41), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The invalid rate of the observation group was 14.6%(6/41), lower than that of the control group 31.7%(13/41), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The vision of the observation group 4.8～5.0 was 53.7%(22/41), more than that of control group 41.5%(17/41), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The restore vision of the observation group 4.3～4.7 was 31.7%(13/41), lower than that of the control group 41.5%(17/41), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment, retinal circulation time of two groups were lower than before treatment, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment of retinal vein circulation time of the observation group was 8.15±1.30s, 9.70±1.28s lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is better effective on Danshen injection iontophoresis combined with Lumbrokinase for early retinal vein occlusion, and can improve the patient's visual acuity, promote the rehabilitation of patients.

AIM: To evaluate the meaning of using optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging(OCT-EDI)to measure choroidal thickness of central serous retinopathy(CSC). METHODS: With the retrospective case control study, 65 patients(65 eyes)with CSC and 50 healthy controls(50 eyes)with age, gender and diopter-matched were recruited in this study. OCT-EDI were used to measure the subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)in CSC eyes, the fellow eyes and also the control eyes. Of which 40 of the 65 CSC patients self-cured, 14 of them were treated with photodynamic therapy(PDT), the left 11 accepted the laser photocoagulation(LP). SFCT were measured 3mo after that. Compared with the previous data, the statistical analysis was carried out.RESULTS: The SFCT value of 65 CSC eyes, 65 fellow eyes and 50 control eyes were 436.23±89.50, 389.45±101.03 and 329.36±95.87μm, respectively. The SFCT of suffer and fellow eyes increased significantly compared to the control eyes(P=0.008 and 0.013, respectively). There was also significant difference in SFCT between the CSC eyes and the fellow eyes(P=0.021). The SFCT were significantly decreased after PDT(P=0.032), but with no significant changes after LP or self-cured(P=0.057 and 0.076, respectively).CONCLUSION: OCT-EDI is a useful method to assess the choroidal topographic changes of CSC. The SFCT are significantly increased in the CSC eyes compared with that in the fellow eyes and the control eyes.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between carotid artery stenosis and ischemic ocular diseases.METHODS: The clinical data of 30 cases(37 eyes)of patients with ischemic eye diseases were collected from November 2010 to May 2014, and they were accepted the fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA), transcranial Doppler(TCD)ultrasonic blood vessels of the eye, neck vascular color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI), the neck CT angiography(CTA)and carotid artery digital subtraction angiography(DSA)examination, and then the ischemic eye disease patients with ocular symptoms were analyzed. The peak systolic velocity(PSV)and resistance index(RI)of ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery were compared. Correlation between the internal carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT)and ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery PSV and RI correlation risk; ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and ophthalmic artery PSV and RI; PSV and RI associated ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and central retinal artery were analyzed. RESULTS: Eye symptoms: a black dim, reduced vision, the eyes flash, and around the eye pain were 75.7%, 83.8%, 51.4% and 32.4%; The eye signs: the dilatation of retinal vein, retinal hemorrhage, arterial stenosis and cotton spot and the contralateral side were regarded as main signs. Ophthalmic artery PSV and RI value of the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); The contralateral side of the central retinal artery PSV and RI value of the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); The ipsilateral internal carotid artery IMT and ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery PSV and RI were not correlated(P>0.05); The ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and ophthalmic artery PSV had no correlation with RI values(P>0.05); PSV and RI and the ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and central retinal artery had no correlation(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The incidence of ischemic eye diseases and internal carotid artery stenosis is associated with very close, the clinical can regard the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis as an important basis for diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.

AIM:To evaluate the accuracy and practicability of three-dimensionally preformed Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osteosynthese AO titanium mesh plates for orbital fractures.METHODS:Forty-seven patients with isolated blow-out orbital fractures were included in this study. Fracture locations were as follows: floor/medial wall(n=26, 55%), medial wall(n=12, 26%), and floor(n=9, 19%). The floor fractures were exposed by a standard transconjunctival approach, whereas a combined transcaruncular transconjunctival approach was used in patients with medial wall fractures with temporary dissection of inferior oblique muscle. A three-dimensionally preformed AO titanium mesh plate was selected according to the size of the defect previously measured on the preoperative computed tomographic scan examination and fixed at the inferior orbital rim with 2 screws. The accuracy of plate positioning of the reconstructed orbit was assessed on the postoperative computed tomography(CT)scan. The practicability of clinical use of AO three-dimensionally preformed titanium mesh plates was assessed on the preoperative and postoperative clinical data.RESULTS: Postoperative orbital CT scan showed an anatomic three-dimensional placement of the orbital mesh plates in all of the patients. All patients had a successful treatment outcome without clinical complications. 40 patients(87%)had a successful enophthalmos correction. 25 patients(86%)had a successful recovery from diplopia.CONCLUSION: Three-dimensionally preformed AO titanium mesh plates for orbital fracture reconstruction results in an accurate anatomic restoration of the bony orbital contour with a high rate of success to correctenophthalmos and diplopia.

AIM: To observe the clinical effect of posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(PCCC)in phacoemulsification with posterior capsular rupture. METHODS: Thrity-eight age-related cataract patients(38 eyes)from March 2013 to October 2013 were selected as experimental group and 50 age-related cataract patients(50 eyes)from March 2013 to October 2013 as control group. In experimental group, PCCC were used in the intraoperative posterior capsule tears in phacoemulsification. And in control group phacoemulsification was applied. The visual acuity and surgical complications were compared between two groups, the follow-up period was continued to 3mo after operation.RESULTS: The visual acuity and corneal edema in two groups had statistically significant(P<0.05)at 1d after operation. Three months after operation, the visual acuity and corneal edema in two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). At 1d after operation, the intraocular pressure in two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Three months after operation, the pupil and cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment in two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: PCCC can improve the therapeutic effect and prevent surgical complications for phacoemulsification with posterior capsular rupture.

AIM:To investigate the effects of the MUC5AC levels and ocular function of the patients with glaucoma and cataract with combined surgery. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients treated with glaucoma and cataract combined surgery were chosen as the observation group from December 2011 to June 2014 in our hospital, and other 28 cases of glaucoma and cataract did not undergo surgical treatment were selected as the control group, 30 healthy subjects were as healthy control group. the MUC5AC level and ocular surface score of the three subjects before surgery 1d, after 3 and 6mo were compared.RESULTS: The NUC5AC of the two groups of patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group before surgery(P<0.05), the ocular function score was significantly higher than the healthy control group(P<0.05). After 1mo, the MUC5AC of the observation group were significantly lower than that of before surgery(P<0.05), after 3mo MUC5AC content gradually increased to preoperative levels, after 6mo the MUC5AC were significantly higher than before surgery(P<0.05). After 1mo, ocular function scores were significantly higher than the preoperative(P<0.05), while after 3mo, ocular function scores decreased after 6mo of ocular surface function scores were significantly lower than the preoperative(P<0.05). While the control group after 6mo, with the passage of time, the MUC5AC content gradually reduce, ocular function score increased gradually. CONCLUSION: To treat the patients with glaucoma and cataract with combined surgery, the level of MUC5AC can temporary decrease. Ocular function score can temporary increase in, but after 3mo, it can be gradually improved.

AIM: To study the effect of Danggui Shaoyao Powder combined with trabeculectomy and bevacizumab on neovascular glaucoma METHODS:Neovascular glaucoma patients were enrolled from January 2011 to February 2014 in our hospital, according to the different methods of treatment were divided into observation group given traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine combined with trabeculectomy, and control group received Western medicine combined with trabeculectomy. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, retinal thickness were compared. RESULTS: Visual acuity level: 1wk; 6, 12mo after treatment, visual acuity in observation group were significantly higher than that in control group(0.41±0.07 vs 0.27±0.04, 0.52±0.08 vs 0.38±0.06, 0.72±0.14 vs 0.54±0.08); Intraocular pressure: 1wk; 6, 12mo after treatment, intraocular pressure in observation group were significantly lower than that in control group(15.11±3.22 vs 22.32±5.34, 18.64±5.08 vs 26.67±6.22, 17.18±3.76 vs 22.42±4.32)mmHg; Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: 12mo after treatment, nerve fiber layer thickness in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(90.41±10.52 vs 78.64±8.24, 88.38±12.12 vs 72.37±8.82, 73.21±8.46 vs 60.25±7.23, 75.35±8.13 vs 62.63±7.29)μm. CONCLUSION:Danggui Shaoyao Powder combined with trabeculectomy and bevacizumab on neovascular glaucoma can promote visual acuity recovery, control intraocular pressure, and improve the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

AIM: To study the effect of latanoprost combined with timolol treatment on visual function, intraocular pressure and ocular blood flow of open angle glaucoma. METHODS:A total of 50 cases(59 eyes)with open angle glaucoma were enrolled from January 2012 to May 2014 in our hospital department of ophthalmology, and divided into observation group and control group by adopting the random number table method. Patients in observation group were treated with latanoprost combined with timolol, patients in control group were treated only with timolol. Visual function, intraocular pressure and ocular blood flow were compared. RESULTS: 1, 2, 3 and 4wk after treatment, observation group during the day intraocular pressure, night intraocular pressure were significantly lower than that in control group, vision levels(0.27±0.03, 0.36±0.06, 0.44±0.06, 0.63±0.13)were significantly higher than that in control group; observation group peak systolic velocity(14.41±1.73)cm/s, end diastolic velocity(4.18±0.67)cm/s were significantly higher than that in control group; vascular resistance index(0.58±0.07)was significantly lower than that in control group. CONCLUSION:Latanoprost combined with timolol treatment can reduce intraocular pressure, increase blood flow of central retinal artery, reduce vascular resistance, improve visual acuity.

AIM: To investigate the effect and value of amniotic membrane patches and grafts for acute ocular surface burn at different degrees.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 28 cases(28 eyes)affected by ocular chemical or thermal burn with different degree were included in our hospital from March 2007 to March 2012. Amniotic membrane patched was undergone in 13 eyes with fresh amnion that the patients corneal burns degree Ⅱ or Ⅲ with partial limbal buns at degree Ⅳ. Amniotic membrane grafts was performed in 15 eyes with fresh amnion that the patients all corneal burns at degree Ⅲ with the whole limbal necrosis without severe eyelid defect. The follow-up time ranged 6～24mo. The postoperative visual acuity, the condition of amniotic membrane transplant, renovation of cornea and complications were observed. RESULTS: Postoperative corrected visual acuity was improved in 20 eyes(71%), it was not changed in 5 eyes(18%), the visual acuity declined in 3 eyes(11%). The amniotic membrane survived in 23 eyes and the survival rate was up to 82%. The cornea of 4 eyes recovered to transparent, nebula emceed in 8 eyes eventually, corneal macula emerged in 10 eyes, 4 eyes ended up with leukoma, 2 eyes developed corneal melting after therapy, then received lamellar keratoplasty. Corneal surface become epithelization after amnion patches or grafts, but any of them have recurrent epithelial erosion, and become stable epithalization after repeat operation.CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane patches and grafts is an effective method to deal with acute ocular surface burn.

AIM:To study the application of small incision surgery in free treatment for poverty alleviation in patients with cataract. METHODS: Sixty patients(70 eyes)with high cataract with poverty free treatment from January 2010 to December 2013 in department of ophthalmology in our hospital were selected as study objects. electro cardio gram(ECG)and chest X-ray examination were performed. The small incision combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation operation was undergone. The patients were followed up for 3mo to observe and compare postoperative vision and diopter changes, and analyze the related complications.RESULTS: The best visual acuity was 0.6, while the lowest vision for hand 3mo after the operation, a total of 65 eyes(93%)vision was better than that before the operation: the eye axis less than 30mm(25.87～29.41mm)had 55 eyes, eye axis more than 30mm(30.02～31.47mm)had 10 eyes; and 5 eyes whose visual acuity had no significant changes.CONCLUSION: The small incision cataract treatment is simple, better curative effect and high safety, it is more suitable for free treatment in poverty alleviation cataract application.

AIM: To compare the two methods for the measurement of glaucoma patients' intraocular pressure(IOP)between Goldmann applanation tonometer(GAT)and non-contact tonometer(NCT)and find the laws of the two methods.METHODS: The IOP of 108 glaucoma patients(206 eyes)were measured by GAT and NCT respectively. RESULTS: In 108 glaucoma patients, the average IOP of 206 eyes was 29.77±10.27mmHg by GAT and 24.59±8.58mmHg by NCT. There was significant difference between GAT and NCT(P<0.01). The higher of IOP, the difference between GAT and NCT was greater. CONCLUSION: The measurement results with NCT were lower than that of GAT. The higher of IOP, the difference between GAT and NCT was greater. It's better to measure IOP by GAT for the glaucoma patients, in order to avoid the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of glaucoma.

AIM:To evaluate the accuracy and practicability of three-dimensionally preformed Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osteosynthese AO titanium mesh plates for orbital fractures.METHODS:Forty-seven patients with isolated blow-out orbital fractures were included in this study. Fracture locations were as follows: floor/medial wall(n=26, 55%), medial wall(n=12, 26%), and floor(n=9, 19%). The floor fractures were exposed by a standard transconjunctival approach, whereas a combined transcaruncular transconjunctival approach was used in patients with medial wall fractures with temporary dissection of inferior oblique muscle. A three-dimensionally preformed AO titanium mesh plate was selected according to the size of the defect previously measured on the preoperative computed tomographic scan examination and fixed at the inferior orbital rim with 2 screws. The accuracy of plate positioning of the reconstructed orbit was assessed on the postoperative computed tomography(CT)scan. The practicability of clinical use of AO three-dimensionally preformed titanium mesh plates was assessed on the preoperative and postoperative clinical data.RESULTS: Postoperative orbital CT scan showed an anatomic three-dimensional placement of the orbital mesh plates in all of the patients. All patients had a successful treatment outcome without clinical complications. 40 patients(87%)had a successful enophthalmos correction. 25 patients(86%)had a successful recovery from diplopia.CONCLUSION: Three-dimensionally preformed AO titanium mesh plates for orbital fracture reconstruction results in an accurate anatomic restoration of the bony orbital contour with a high rate of success to correctenophthalmos and diplopia.

AIM: To investigate the application effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor derivative eye drops(Jinyinshu)in treatment of dry eye.METHODS:Sixty cases(87 eyes)of dry eye patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 42 eyes and 45 eyes respectively. The control group received Chondroitin sulfate eye drops treatment, and the observation group were used for treatment of Jinyinshu. The changes of clinical efficacy, correlation index(symptom score, BUT, S I t, FL)before and after treatment, quality of life after treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared.RESULTS: In the control group, the total clinical effective rate was 71%, which was significantly lower than that in the observation group(91%), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); There were statistical differences of symptom scores, BUT, SⅠt and FL level of the two groups before and after treatment(P<0.05), and there were statistical differences of the above indexes after treatment between the two groups(P<0.05); The quality of life score was 142.16±10.32 of the observation group after treatment, which was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment(115.24±7.34), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); The incidence of adverse reaction of the control group was 13%, 10% in the observation group, and there were no statistical differences(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Jinyinshu is significantly effective in the treatment of dry eye, and its clinical efficacy is better than chondroitin sulfate.

AIM:To compare the effects of different adjustable suture in glaucoma trabeculectomy on early tear film function. METHODS: Sixty-eight cases of primary glaucoma(76 eyes)during January 2012 to June 2014 in our hospital were selected and divided into exposure conjunctival suture group(34 cases, 36 eyes)and embedded conjunctival suture group(34 cases, 40 eyes)according to treatment. Adjustable suture exposed conjunctival suture and embedding conjunctival suture was given to two groups, respectively. Intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after treatment 7, 14, 30d were observed and Schirmer test, tear break-up time, No Hikaru sensitivity and the occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment 1, 30d were recorded. RESULTS: After the treatment, the mean IOP of two groups were decreased significantly(P<0.05). The average IOP after treatment of 1d in the two groups were not statistically different(P>0.05), after treatment 7, 14, 30d embedded conjunctival suture group was significantly higher than that of exposure conjunctival suture group(P<0.05). After 1d of treatment, Schirmer test, tear break-up time, No Hikaru sensitivity of two groups compared no significant difference(P<0.05). After treatment 7, 14, 30d embedded conjunctival suture group Schirmer test, tear break-up time, was significantly superior to expose conjunctiva suture group(P<0.05). The 30d package after treatment of conjunctival suture group buried adverse reaction rate was significantly lower than that of exposed conjunctival suture group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy operation with adjustable thread embedding conjunctival suture has few effects on the tear film function in patients with early postoperative complications, lower, and operation effect is better than that of exposed conjunctival suture.

AIM: To observe the anterior chamber angle shape of patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR)at different stages using OCT, and to explore a more sensitive and accurate glaucoma preventing measure. METHODS: A total of 613 cases of DR patients were divided into proliferation phase group(353 cases)and background phase group(260 cases), another 100 cases of patients with only diabetes were selected as control group. OCT was used to detect the anterior chamber angle related parameters, including angle opening distance(AOD), trabecular-iris space area(TISA), angle recess area(ARA), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and anterior chamber angle(ACA).RESULTS: There were significant difference among AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, ARA500 and ARA750 of control group, proliferation phase group and background phase group(P<0.01). The proliferation phase group was the lowest, AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, ARA500 and ARA750 were 0.60±0.22mm, 0.78±0.39mm, 0.22±0.12mm2, 0.45±0.19mm2, 0.29±0.18mm and 0.46±0.15mm, respectively. There were significant difference among ACA500, ACA750, ACD500 and ACD750 of control group, proliferation phase group and background phase group(P<0.01). The proliferation phase group was the lowest, ACA500, ACA750, ACD500 and ACD750 were 30.29°±8.19°, 21.20°±7.40°, 2.32±0.23μm and 2.52±0.16μm, respectively. In addition, ROC results indicated that all these indices exert significant difference on evaluating the stage of DR.CONCLUSION: Anterior chamber angle shape detected using OCT can reflect the change of retinopathy. OCT is an accurate and simple technique for detecting DR staging.

AIM: To study the effect of pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell on visual acuity and refractive status. METHODS:A total of 120 cases(178 eyes)pterygium cases were enrolled in our hospital from March 2012 to May 2014 and divided into observation group(60 cases, 90 eyes)and control group(60 cases, 88 eyes)according to different treatment methods. Patients in observation group received pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation, those in control group received pterygium excision. Vision levels, astigmatism degrees were compared. The effects of age, working environment and medial rectus muscle insertion distance from corneal limbus on postoperative visual acuity were analyzed. RESULTS:Before operation, acuity levels and astigmatism degrees of two groups had no difference(P>0.05); 1, 2, 3, 4wk after operation, visual acuity in observation group were higher than that in control group(0.49±0.09 vs 0.34±0.07, 0.76±0.11 vs 0.42±0.04, 0.95±0.14 vs 0.59±0.08, 1.09±0.18 vs 0.74±0.10), astigmatism degrees were lower than that in control group(0.96±0.12 vs 1.85±0.28, 0.68±0.08 vs 1.51±0.23, 0.54±0.08 vs 1.23±0.19, 0.42±0.07 vs 0.91±0.14); visual acuity of patients older than 45 years old, indoor work, medial rectus muscle insertion distance from corneal limbus 3-5 mm were higher, astigmatism degrees were lower. CONCLUSION:Pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation is helpful to improve visual acuity and astigmatism degree; recovery of visual acuity is affected by age, working environment and medial rectus muscle insertion distance from corneal limbus.

AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of chronic renal failure(CRF)patients with dry eye, and to provide clinical reference. METHODS: Sixty-one cases(122 eyes)of patients with CRF(CRF group)and 61 cases(122 eyes)of healthy persons(control group)were carried out on Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), break-up time of tear film(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining(FL), test results of two groups were compared and related factors of dry eye in CRF patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The results of SⅠt and BUT in CRF group were lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The proportion of tear secretion reduce in CRF group(SⅠt<10mm/5min)was 49.2%(60/122), which was higher than that in the control group(10.0%, 12/122), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=45.39, P<0.05). The percentage of instability of tear film in CRF group(BUT≤10s)was 75.4%(92/122), which was significantly higher than that in the control group(27.0%, 33/122)(χ2=57.1, P<0.05). The positive rate of corneal FL was 37.7%(46/122), which was higher than that of the control group(10.7%, 13/122), there was a statistically significant difference(χ2= 24.34, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CRF patients with a decrease in tear film stability and tear secretion are susceptible population to dry eye, clinically should be paid attention to the treatment.

AIM:To observe the differences of central cornea thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal anterior curvature and corneal posterior curvature between the Kazak and the Han nationality college emmetropia students, and analyze the relationship of corneal thickness and corneal curvature.METHODS: More than 500 students in grade one in Xinjiang Medical University for screening, selected 55 emmetropia eyes in Han nationality students and 51 in Kazak students. Sirius corneal topography was applied to the measurement.RESULTS: Kazak and the Han nationality college emmetropia students' central cornea thickness(Kazak:0.52±0.03mm, Han:0.54±0.03mm), anterior chamber depth(Kazak: 2.97±0.31mm, Han: 3.14±0.25mm)had significant difference(P<0.05). Corneal anterior curvature and corneal posterior curvature were no significant difference(P>0.05). Han had no significant relationship in corneal thickness and corneal anterior curvature(r<0), or in corneal posterior curvature(r<0.1). Kazak had no significant relationship in corneal thickness and corneal anterior curvature(r<0), or in corneal posterior curvature(r<0.1). CONCLUSION: There are significant differences between the Kazak and the Han nationality college emmetropia students in cornea thickness, anterior chamber depth. There is no significant relationship between corneal thickness and corneal curvature(K1, K2)in Kazak and the Han nationality college emmetropia students.

AIM:To understand the clinical effect of trabeculectomy with mitomycin and interferon therapy on neovascular glaucoma.METHODS:Neovascular glaucoma patients in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2013 were sampled, from them, 57 cases(57 eyes)were randomly divided into two groups, control group received routine trabeculectomy for treatment, the experimental group accepted combination therapy of trabeculectomy + mitomycin + interferon. The clinical efficacy of two groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate(96%)in experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group(76%), and the visual acuity, filtering bleb and postoperative 1wk, 1a of intraocular pressure changes were better than those of the control group, there was a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The rate of complications in experimental group(10%)was slightly higher than that of the control group(7%), but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy combined mitomycin and interferon treatment of neovascular glaucoma has exact clinical effect, and is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

AIM:To compare the effects of different adjustable suture in glaucoma trabeculectomy on early tear film function. METHODS: Sixty-eight cases of primary glaucoma(76 eyes)during January 2012 to June 2014 in our hospital were selected and divided into exposure conjunctival suture group(34 cases, 36 eyes)and embedded conjunctival suture group(34 cases, 40 eyes)according to treatment. Adjustable suture exposed conjunctival suture and embedding conjunctival suture was given to two groups, respectively. Intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after treatment 7, 14, 30d were observed and Schirmer test, tear break-up time, No Hikaru sensitivity and the occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment 1, 30d were recorded. RESULTS: After the treatment, the mean IOP of two groups were decreased significantly(P<0.05). The average IOP after treatment of 1d in the two groups were not statistically different(P>0.05), after treatment 7, 14, 30d embedded conjunctival suture group was significantly higher than that of exposure conjunctival suture group(P<0.05). After 1d of treatment, Schirmer test, tear break-up time, No Hikaru sensitivity of two groups compared no significant difference(P<0.05). After treatment 7, 14, 30d embedded conjunctival suture group Schirmer test, tear break-up time, was significantly superior to expose conjunctiva suture group(P<0.05). The 30d package after treatment of conjunctival suture group buried adverse reaction rate was significantly lower than that of exposed conjunctival suture group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy operation with adjustable thread embedding conjunctival suture has few effects on the tear film function in patients with early postoperative complications, lower, and operation effect is better than that of exposed conjunctival suture.

AIM: To analyze of the clinical features of acute retinal pigment epitheltis(ARPE). METHODS: The clinical data of 36 ARPE patients(40 eyes)attending this center from January 2008 to January 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Of them, 21 patients(58.3%)were male(male:female=1:0.71). The mean age was 40.92±7.13 years old(range:17～60y). The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was 0.50±0.26 with a range of 0.3～1.0. Thirty-two patients were unilateral cases. All the patients were examined for BCVA, funds photography, fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA), optical coherence tomography(OCT). FFA was shown as three types: type Ⅰ to multiple "black light" or "grape variety" fluorescent spot; Type Ⅱ for I lesions visible fluorescence leakage; Type Ⅲ lesions with choroid neovascularization(CNV). OCT was the following three forms: multiple RPE lesions layer reflection intermittent, proliferation(type Ⅰ); pigment epithelial detachment with limitations neural epithelium(type Ⅱ); types I and II with CNV(type Ⅲ).RESULTS: Ocular fundus showed that the lesions were multiple dark-gray spots with a dark circumscribed area at the macular or nearby in all 40 eyes. FFA showed: 21 eyes were type Ⅰ, 17 eyes were type Ⅱ and 2 eyes were type Ⅲ, BCVA between type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ was statistically significant(P<0.05), the same was between type Ⅲ. BCVA between different cases in the same type and between type Ⅱ, Ⅲ, was no statistical difference(P>0.05). OCT showed 21 eyes wwere type Ⅰ, 17 eyes were type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ 2 eyes. BCVA average between type Ⅰ and Ⅱ was statistically significant(P<0.05). The mean BCVA was no statistically significant difference between type Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: ARPE fundus demonstrated the multiple dark gray discrete lesions, the degree of visual impairment related with the presence of pigment epithelial barrier and lesion location. OCT and FFA characterized three types. FFA is shown as "black light" or "grape variety" fluorescent spot, and is the basis of diagnosis. OCT can display the lesions organization form of each layer clearly. It plays a more and more important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ARPE.

AIM:To study the thickness changes of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)in Parkinson's disease(PD). METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 15 PD patients in early stage and 18 eyes of 18 controls were chosen to take RNFL examination by optical coherence tomography(OCT). Circular scans were taken around the optic nerve head(diameter=3.46mm)to record the features of RNFL. Scanning areas included eight quadrants of the temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, inferior-temporal, superior-temporal, inferior-nasal and superior-nasal quadrant. RNFL thickness was comparatively analyzed in eight quadrants and the average level in two groups.RESULTS: RNFL thickness in two groups in temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, temporal- inferior, temporal- superior, nasal-inferior, nasal-superior were:(control/PD)83.2±17.5μm/68.7±13.5μm, 132.7±17.4μm/128.1±25.3μm, 83.7±22.3μm/76.5±17.8μm, 141.5±15.3μm/128.6±13.2μm, 117.9±24.5μm/103.3±14.1μm, 120.8±21.2μm /102.6±23.7μm, 110.2±27.7μm/96.6±15.0μm, 109.6±20.6μm/101.2±20.9μm. The average RNFL thickness in controls was 109.9±8.5μm while it showed 102.3±11.9μm in PD group. RNFL thickness in inferior, temporal, inferior-temporal, superior-temporal and the average RNFL thickness were statistically different in two groups(t=2.595,2.700,2.153,2.330,2.131; P=0.014,0.011,0.040,0.026,0.041).CONCLUSION: RNFL thickness in inferior, temporal, inferior temporal, superior temporal and the average RNFL thickness are significantly thinner in mild PD than those in the controls.

AIM: To study the number of myogenin-positive activated satellite cells in the inferior oblique muscles and the medial muscles of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction, to further explore the possible etiological factors of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction. METHODS: The inferior oblique muscles and the medial muscles were cut from V-pattern exotropia patients with inferior oblique overaction during strabismus operation treated as the strabismus group. Cross sections were stained immunohistochemically for the presence of activated satellite cells, as identified by myogenin immunoreactivity. The inferior oblique muscles and the medial muscles were obtained from the corneal transplant donors(six eyes of six cases), which treated as the control group. RESULTS: The frequency of myogenin-positive satellite cells of the inferior oblique muscles was(22.7±7.03)% and(4.2±0.75)% in the strabismus group and the control group. Significant differences existed in the expression of myogenin in two groups(P<0.05). Again, the frequency of myogenin-positive satellite cells of the medial muscles was(2.2±0.75)% and(4.5±1.05)% in the strabismus group and the control group. Significant differences also existed in the expression of myogenin in two groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: It is first report that myogenin-positive satellite cells presents in extraocular muscles of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction. The current results suggest that myogenin is one of possible etiological factors of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction.

AIM: To observe the clinical effects of thelacrimal fistula excision combined with double silicone intubation in the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis with lacrimal fistula.METHODS: Totally 25 cases(25 eyes)of chronic dacryocystitis with lacrimal fistula were allocated into two groups: the double silicone intubation group of 13 cases(13 eyes)received lacrimal fistula excision combined with double silicone intubation, and the routine group of 12 cases(12 eyes)received routine dacryocystorhinotomy, we analyzed the curative effect. RESULTS: The double silicone intubation group had a cure rate of 92.3%(12 eyes), a effective rate of 100%, compared with the routine group had a cure rate of 91.7%(11 eyes), a effective rate of 100%, there were no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Lacrimal fistula excision combined with double silicone intubation has a same effect with routine dacryocystorhinotomy in the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis with lacrimal fistula, but less invasive, no scar, less pain, and meet the patients' esthetic needs.

AIM: To evaluate the visual impairment in cerebral palsy children with series objective indicators, and conclude their clinical features of visual function.METHODS: Objective tests including following pursuing test, optokinetic nystagmus(OKN)drum test, refractive error examination, fundus examination, ocular deviation examination, pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEP)tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were carried out in 43 cerebral palsy children(86 eyes)with ocular visual dysfunction; The visual impairment data of the cerebral palsy children were collected, and the clinical features and possible mechanism were analyzed.RESULTS: 1. Of the 43 cerebral palsy children(86 eyes)with the visual impairment presented diversified, 25(50 eyes, 58.1%)of refractive error, 24(48 eyes, 55.8%)of strabismus, 12(24 eyes, 27.9%)with nystagmus, 19(38 eyes, 44.2%)of optical nerve atrophy or hyperplasia, 35(70 eyes, 81.4%)of VEP abnormality. Among children with spastic cerebral palsy, the incidence of visual impairment was statistically significant difference compared with other groups(P<0.01). 2. There were 16 cases(32 eyes, 37.2%)with esotropia, 6 cases(12 eyes, 14.0%)with exotropia and 2 cases(4 eyes, 4.7%)with vertical deviation. Strabismus was most common in spastic cerebral palsy children, totally 13(26 eyes, 30.2%)with esotropia, and exotropia was common in hypotonia and other types cerebral palsy children; 3. 23(46 eyes, 53.5%)with hyperopia, 8(16 eyes, 18.6%)with myopia, 16(32 eyes, 37.2%)with astigmutism and 14 cases(28 eyes, 32.6%)with anisometropia; 4. Cerebral palsy children were usually with decreased VEP amplitude and prolong latency, and poor wave formation, mostly in spastic cerebral palsy children; 5. Visual abnormality was most common in occipital cortex damage and periventricular leukomalacia(PVL). The incidence in PVL and occipital cortex had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05), no nystagmus in patients with severe occipital cortex damage.CONCLUSION: Cerebral palsy children were usually with visual impairment, and presented with special clinical features; Comprehensive objective visual tests are accurate and reliable for evaluation of the visual function in cerebral palsy children.

AIM: To analyze the blindness causes of 1854 cases in our hospital hospitalized patients, and explore the strategy and direction of blindness prevention according to the different treatment efficacy.METHODS: Cluster sampling was used to select from September 2010 to August 2013 in our hospital department of ophthalmology patients 5 473 cases, in which total of 1 854 cases of blind patients, accounting for 33.88% of hospitalized patients. According to the WHO's criteria of blindness. The BCVA enacted <0.05 or vision radius less than 10 degrees are for the blind, and the exclusion of less than 3 years old children don't cope with visual inspection of the inclusion criteria for age and cause of blindness blind patients were analyzed. To the blind to patient age and etiology were analyzed, the main cause of blindness and statistics of all ages, records of the blind patients after treatment eye sight; and calculating the blindness of the literacy rate, on the blindness through analysis of the causes of the risk treatment. RESULTS: In 1 854 cases of blind patients, including 728 people right-eye blinding, 767 people left-eyes blinding, 359 people total blinding, adding up to 2 213 eyes, aged from 60～80 years old were in the majority. The top three diseases resulting blindness were cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. In 2 213 blind eyes, the eyes treated were 2 172, of which 1 762 eyes(81.12%)were succeeded, 410 eyes(18.88%)failed. In the failed cases, the first three diseases were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinal detachment. CONCLUSION: In recent years, disease etiology of blinding eye has changed, but cataracts, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are still high incidence of blindness due, so the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and retinal detachment should be the emphasis for blindness prevention and treatment in the future.

With the deepening study of quercetin, some studies show that quercetin can protect lens, with pharmacological activities such as antioxidation and anti-apoptosis and so on. And they can delay the occurring and developing of cataract. The development and utilization of the quercetin will be expected to be a new means of prevention and treatment of cataract.The article takes in the research progress of that quercetin on the lens with antioxidation, inhibiting aldose reductase and anti- apoptosis and its mechanisms.

In recent years, the number of patients with diabetes increase rapidly.Diabetic retinopathy(DR), one of the complications of diabetes, is also the important aspect of current and future prevention of blindness in our country. Now, more and more scholar have noticed the important role of immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In this article, we reviewed the role of interleukin-6(IL-6)in diabetic retinopathy.

AIM:To investigate the choice of different treatments for malignant glaucoma. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, 21 malignant glaucoma patients(21 eyes)admitted in Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command from May 2012 to May 2013 were analyzed. Sixteen eyes(76%)developed malignant glaucoma after filtration surgery, 3 eyes(14%)after EX-PRESS glaucoma filtration device, 2 eyes(10%)after glaucoma filtration Ahmed valve implantation. Main Outcome of corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth and complications were detected. RESULTS: IOP recovered by drug control in 13 eyes, anterior chamber depth. Four eyes were treated by vitreous water-bag aspiration combined with anterior chambers reconstructing. Two eyes were treated by cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Two eyes were treated by posterior capsule excision combined with anterior vitrectomy. IOP before and after treatment was 29.81±4.98, 12.71±3.77mmHg, respectively(P=0.00). Anterior chamber depth before and after treatment was 0.41±0.34, 2.13±0.54mm, respectively(P=0.00). Corrected visual acuity before treatment was 0.19±0.17, after treatment was 0.20±0.16(P=0.36). Except for vitreous hemorrhage in 1 eye, there were no ocular or systemic adverse events observed in all patients. CONCLUSION: It is good to diagnose malignant glaucoma in early period, and treated it step by step. For this can reduce IOP and restore anterior chamber.

AIM:To investigate effect and safety of the limbal stem cell transplantation combined with low concentrations of mitomycin C for pterygium patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS: Eighty patients of 96 pterygium eyes admitted to hospital were divided into groups of high concentration, low concentration group and the control group, and 3 groups were given pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation. The high concentration group, the low concentration groups were given prior to stem cell transplantation 0.2, 0.1mg/mL mitomycin C coverage. The cure rate and recurrence rate in three groups of patients, as well as visual acuity before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS: Three groups patients' visual acuity were significantly improved after treatment(P<0.05), there was no significant difference before treatment in visual acuity(P>0.05); epithelial healing time of high concentration group was significantly higher than low concentration group and the control group(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between low concentration and control groups of epithelial healing time(P>0.05); cure rates of low concentration group was higher than high dose group, the recurrence rate in low concentration group was lower than the high dose group. CONCLUSION: Pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation has significant efficacy for pterygium, and mitomycin C can effectively reduce the relapse rate, but for the patients with T2DM concentration of mitomycin C should be reduced.

AIM: To investigate the application effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor derivative eye drops(Jinyinshu)in treatment of dry eye.METHODS:Sixty cases(87 eyes)of dry eye patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 42 eyes and 45 eyes respectively. The control group received Chondroitin sulfate eye drops treatment, and the observation group were used for treatment of Jinyinshu. The changes of clinical efficacy, correlation index(symptom score, BUT, S I t, FL)before and after treatment, quality of life after treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared.RESULTS: In the control group, the total clinical effective rate was 71%, which was significantly lower than that in the observation group(91%), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); There were statistical differences of symptom scores, BUT, SⅠt and FL level of the two groups before and after treatment(P<0.05), and there were statistical differences of the above indexes after treatment between the two groups(P<0.05); The quality of life score was 142.16±10.32 of the observation group after treatment, which was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment(115.24±7.34), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); The incidence of adverse reaction of the control group was 13%, 10% in the observation group, and there were no statistical differences(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Jinyinshu is significantly effective in the treatment of dry eye, and its clinical efficacy is better than chondroitin sulfate.

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)is a group of disease characterized by neovascular disease complication of diabetes mellitus. Neovascular diseases of eye are one of the major causes of blindness of the world. Recent studies showed that vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF)are now accepted as the key cytokine in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Recent progress in the investigation of VEGF and PEDF of PDR are summarized in this review.

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is one of the main leading causes of irreversible damage eyesight over the 50 years old people. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of AMD. In recent years, the studies found that complement factor H(CFH)gene has obvious correlation with the incidence of AMD. In this article, we reviewed the researches on the CFH in AMD.

A great number of miRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in pathological angiogenesis, the oxidative stress response, immune response and inflammation, all of which have been shown to have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of age-related macular degeneration(AMD). Here we reviewed the pathological processes involved in AMD and the roles of miRNAs in these processes, and discussed potential miRNAs-based therapeutics for AMD.

AIM:To investigate correlation of children amblyopia and retinal foveal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness. METHODS: Fifty-six cases of children amblyopia with vision could not be uncorrected to 0.8 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. 5g/L atropine was used to mydriasis, computer associates retinoscopy was used to fundus examination organization, and the third-generation optical coherence tomography(3D-OCT)was used to detect retinal foveal thickness and RNFL thickness. Fifty-six cases of normal children were selected as control group. Correlation of retinal foveal thickness and children amblyopia was analyzed. RESULTS: The nerve fiber layer thickness of amblyopic eye was 116.92±9.54μm, that of health eye was 110.42±7.64μm, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Macular center foveal thickness of amblyopic eye was 134.95±14.95μm, that of health eye was 136.62±13.86μm, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The correlation of optic nerve fiber layer thickness of healthy children and axial showed a significant negative correlation(r=-0.35, P<0.05), while the correlation of children with amblyopia was not significantly correlated(r=0.12, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: For children with amblyopia, the difference of ametropic foveal thickness and normal eye is not significant. But RNFL thickness is significantly higher, and is correlated with axial disappears, suggesting that amblyopia can significant effect nerve fiber layer structure.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of intralamellar cryolysis of cornea with amniotic membrane transplantation on painful bullous keratopathy(PBK).METHODS: Randomly selected 156 cases(156 eyes)with PBK who underwent surgery of intralamellar cryolysis of cornea with amniotic membrane transplantation. Followed up with 2～3mo, the symptoms of eye pain, corneal epithelial blisters, foreign body sensation and postoperative complications were observed.RESULTS: Pain symptoms disappeared in all patients, and corneal epithelial blisters disappeared in 130 cases(83.3%). All agonizing pain symptoms disappeared, but patients had occasional foreign-body sensation, occasional corneal epithelial blisters in 24 cases(15.4%). Two weeks after surgery, corneal stroma dissolved, 2 cases(1.3%)of them were cured by conjunctival flap cover.CONCLUSION: The operation of intralamellar cryolysis of cornea with amniotic membrane transplantation can relieve the pain in 98.7% of PBK patients and simple therapy for treating PBK. Hence, it's be worth to advocate for relieve the pain of patients.

AIM:To investigate the choice of different treatments for malignant glaucoma. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, 21 malignant glaucoma patients(21 eyes)admitted in Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command from May 2012 to May 2013 were analyzed. Sixteen eyes(76%)developed malignant glaucoma after filtration surgery, 3 eyes(14%)after EX-PRESS glaucoma filtration device, 2 eyes(10%)after glaucoma filtration Ahmed valve implantation. Main Outcome of corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth and complications were detected. RESULTS: IOP recovered by drug control in 13 eyes, anterior chamber depth. Four eyes were treated by vitreous water-bag aspiration combined with anterior chambers reconstructing. Two eyes were treated by cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Two eyes were treated by posterior capsule excision combined with anterior vitrectomy. IOP before and after treatment was 29.81±4.98, 12.71±3.77mmHg, respectively(P=0.00). Anterior chamber depth before and after treatment was 0.41±0.34, 2.13±0.54mm, respectively(P=0.00). Corrected visual acuity before treatment was 0.19±0.17, after treatment was 0.20±0.16(P=0.36). Except for vitreous hemorrhage in 1 eye, there were no ocular or systemic adverse events observed in all patients. CONCLUSION: It is good to diagnose malignant glaucoma in early period, and treated it step by step. For this can reduce IOP and restore anterior chamber.

AIM: To proposed control measures by exploring visual fatigue caused by college students wearing inappropriate glasses.METHODS: A total of 124 cases of asthenopia patients underwent optometry students audition, checked the original spectacles; TOPCON-CL100 computer center was used to checked the original mirror glasses(glasses, the distance between the optical center); with near vision as the standard examination table nearly with vergence and regulation near point, and checked the visual function. RESULTS: All 124 cases(248 eyes)had refractive errors, 77% were spherical mirror and 69% column mirror with error ≥±0.50D, and the pupil center distance from the lens had significant difference(U=5.27, P<0.01), 87% of the lens away from the heart for more than 2mm, 62% of mainly due to visual fatigue had glasses inappropriate. CONCLUSION: Students wearing inappropriate spectacle asthenopia is caused by one of the main scientific wearing glasses can effectively control asthenopia.